Paper-pail-ivjaking machine



(No Model.) A 2 sheetssheet 1 I E. HUBBAR-D.

PAPER PAIL MAKING MACHINE. No. 515,958. Patented Maly. 6, 1894.

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(No Model.) .E H'UBBARD 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2. PAPER PML MAKING MACHINE.

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EFIQE@ EBER IIUBBARD, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PAPER-PAI L-NAKING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 515,958, dated March 6,1894. Application filed dune 2, 1893. Serial No. 476,892. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom, t may concern.;

Be it known that I, Enna HUBBARD, a citizen of the United States,residing at Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Pail-MakingMachines, which are fully set forth in the following specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a partthereof.

This invention is designed to provide an improved machine,for makingpails and other vessels from fibrous pulp.

In the drawings,--Figure l is a vertical section of my improved machinethrough the center line of the molding and pressing devices; theposition of the parts being that at which the mold is readyfor the pulp.Fig. 2 is a vertical section in a plane at right angles to that of Fig.1, showing the parts in the position occupied when the pail has beencompressed to the utmost and has commenced to withdraw from the rigidtapering frame by which the compression is effected. Fig. 3 is a sectionat thcline 3--3 on Fig. l. Fig. a is asection at the same plane as Fig.3, but showing the parts in the position occupied after the ,pail hasbeen compressed and removed, and before the mold has been closed uppreparatory to a new charge. (The position of the four quarters of theouter wall of the mold in this ligure corresponds to that of Fig. 2.)Fig. 5 is asection at the line 55 on Fig. 2, upon an enlarged scale.Fig. 6 is a detail bottoni plan of a portion of the radially reducibleand extensible table or follower which forms the bottom wall of the pailmold, being the same as a top plan of the follower or head whichconstitutes the upper Wall of the mold which defines the bottom of thepail. rlhis detail is enlarged beyond the scale of the other figures.

In a former patent granted to me, No. li95,O39, dated Aprilll, 1893, Ihave described a machine for pressing pails and similar vessels offibrous pulp, in which the pail, having first been molded in sectionsand applied upon an inner form corresponding to the cavity of thevessel, was advanced into a tapering jacket or frame, the table orbottom tablet or follower, on which the inverted molded vessel wassupported at its lower edge, and

an upper follower of the nature of a pistony in the conical jacket orframe, constituting respectively the lower and upper boundaries of thechamber in which the vessel was compressed, said upper and lowerfollowers being radially reducible as the form advanced longitudinallyinto the tapering jacket or frame, so that the cavity was kept perfectlyclosed at both ends throughout such longitudinal advancement, and thevessel was thus compressed by virtue of the taper without possibilityofthe material being squeezed out at the ends, but in such manner thatthere was longitudinal compression, as well as lateral compression byreason of the taper. In the machine herein shown, the same generalmethod is observed, and the followers are in general of the samecharacter, changed only in the detail which will be hereinafter pointedout. But in the present invention, instead of first molding the pail insections and applying it to the form on which it is pressed thus fullyformed except as to compression and junction of its parts, I provide acomplete mold as a part of the machine and mold the pail integrally uponthe inner form instead of first molding it and placing it thereon, sothat there are no junction Vseams to be united by the pressure, but anintegrally molded seamless body. And in order that the form thus moldedmay be compact and uniform in thickness and deusity,so that it may becompressed in the rigid jacket to a proper density without excessivelygreat reduction in thickness, and so that when thus compressed, it maybe substantially uniform in density throughout and be well surfacedexteriorly as well as iuteriorly by contact with the mold walls andjacket, I provide means for draining and exhausting the Water from theliquid pulp as it is put into the mold by suction, drawing the fibersonto the form and ultimately filling the mold with a Wellcoinpactedfibrous mass, from which the water has been to a large extent extracted,before pressure is applied to complete the process.

In the use of the machine shown in my patent, No. 495,039, abovementioned, I found that although the molded pail could be ad- IOO vancedwithout difficulty into the tapering jacket, and would slide on thesurface of the latter without so adhering thereto as to tear ordisarrange the fiber, and in that respect would operate with entiresatisfactian to produce a well compressed vessel, nevertheless, somediiiculty was occasionally experienced in withdrawing the vessel thusmolded from the tapering jacket by reason of the adhesion of a fibrousmaterial to the surface of the jacket, causing it to be slightly torn orroughened in starting it out. 'Ihis did not interfere with the practicaloperativeness of that device, because there are expedients which may beresorted to to prevent the adhesion, and with proper care, in any event,the vessel can be detached from the jacket. yButin the presentinvention, I have provided a means for overcoming this difficultyentirely, consisting in a jacket of spring metal which lines the rigidframe which supplies the necessary resistance for compression as themolded form is advanced into the tapering jacket, such spring metalbeing integral, but longitudinally rifted at one line and tendingelastically to spring open so that when the withdrawal commences, if theadhesion of the compressed vessel to the jacket is such as to give riseto the difficulty above mentioned, the jacket itself will slip in therigid frame for a little distance, and thereupon, immediately, theelasticity of the jacket will cause it to spring otf from the moldedvessel and so permit the ready withdrawal of the latter.

The machine which, as a whole, may be called a press, comprises the baseA; cap or top frame B; vertical posts C C C O, which bind the base andtop frame together and resist their separation under the strain ofcompression.

D is the stem of a hydraulic ram which is not shown but may be locatedbelow the press, the stein extending up through the centralhub A of thebase A, and carrying at itsupper end the table or lower follower E.

Fis a rigid tapering frame which may be of any material affording thenecessary strength and rigidity. It is made rigid with the cap or topframe B at its upper, which is the smaller, end.

Gis the upper follower. Its stem G extends out through the cap B, andobtains longitudinal guidance therein and also in the horizontalcross-bar B', which is connected by rods B10 B10 rigidly with the cap Bat a distance above the latter.

g is a collar pinned fast on the stem G above the cap B, which affords aseat upon which rests a heavy coil spring Il, which encircles the stemG. Upon the upper end of the `spring H, there is seated another collarg2, which, for a reason hereinafter stated, has an annular flange Q20,making it of the nature of a cup, upon or in which is seated a springH', lighter than the spring H, which also encircles the stem G', and atits upper end rests against the under side of the cross-bar B.

K is a perforated metal form corresponding to the cavity of the vesselto be made. It is placed inverted,-that is, mouth downward,- upon thetable or lower follower E, and constitutes the inner wall of the mold inwhich the vessel is to be produced preparatory to pressing. The outerwall of this mold is made in four sections L L L L, each comprisingone-fourth of the circumference and adapted to be withdrawn outwardlyafter the vessel has been molded. In order to facilitate theirwithdrawal to open the mold and their adjustment to complete it, theyare each secured upon the end of a lever arm L', said lever arms beingfulcrumed respectively on the corner posts C C C C.. The divisionsbetween the quarter sections L L L L are preferably at such points thata radial plane at some point,-preferably the center-of the width ofeach, is tangential at the inner surface of the quarter section to anarc about the pivot of the lever arm which carries it; or, to state thesame fact differently, said divisions are at such points that a radiusmay be drawn from the pivot of the lever which pertains to any one ofthe quarter sections tangential to the inner surface of saidsection,-pret`erably at the middle point of the width of such section,so that each section, in withdrawing from the molded form, starts oft'as nearly as possible radially. Each of the quarter sections L L LL hasits face and edges covered with textile fabric, such a material ascotton iiannel being preferred, to which the fibrous pulp will notadhere, and which, at the abutting edges of the quarter sections, servesto make a substantially water-tight joint when the sections are closedtogether. This four-part outer mold is of such diameter and length thatwhen closed together it encompasses the lower follower whose radiallyextensible sections abut at their outer end or circumference upon theinner wall of the outer mold L L L L, so that when said four ICO IIO

sections of the outer mold are closed together 4 they are also closedagainst the ends of the sections of the follower, and the mold cavity isthereby closed up except at the top.

In order to cause the sections L L L L to close together with somepressure at their junction edges, and with sufficient force to pushinward the sections of the follower E, the slight distance necessary,advantage may be taken of the weight of the sections LL L L by mountingtheir lever arms L L on the corner posts C, above stop collars L2 L2,&c., and providing the lower ends of the hubs L10 L10, die., of thelever arms,and the upper ends of the stop collars L2 with correspondinginclinations Z2 and Z10, which are in contact at the time the mold isclosed up, whereby the tendency to slide down the incline results in aradially approaching tendency of the sections L L, ttc., until they stopagainst each other. In opening the mold by throwing apart these sectionsL, the hubs will ride upon the inclines until the horizontal portionsIZO of the ends of the hubs andcollars are set one upon the other, andat such position, the quarter sections will stand wherever placed.

The detail construction of the followers, as above Stated, issubstantially that shown in my former patent mentioned, with theexception of the means for moving radially the sections to expand orreduce the diameter of the follower. I will therefore describe in detailthe lower follower or table E, and such description will answer for theupper follower, which is identical except in point of size and detailshape at one point which will be hereinafter mentioned. This follower ortable consists of two disks E El, adapted to be secured at theirco-inciding centers upon the end of the stein D. Their proximate facesare held apart byproviding one of them with a short central hub e. Oneof said proximate faces has radial grooves e e', which serve as meansfor guiding the sections E3 E3, Src., which are interposed between thedisks E and E2, and provided with suitable ribs e3 to engage the groovesin the disk. The sliding sections E3 E3, doc., have thin metal lips orflanges E30 secured to one edge of each and overlapping the proximateedge of the adjacent section; said thin metal lips and said proximateedges being correspondingly sharply beveled to permit the overlappingdescribed without leaving a perceptible shoulder or ridge in theresulting continuous surface of the follower. To control the positionradially of the sliding sections E3, I provide for each a bow-spring E4,one end of which is secured inthe lower disk E', and the other end inthe under side of the section E3, as seen in the drawings, said springtending to resist both centripetal and centrifugal movement of thesections E3 from a certain position, which, as the springs are coiledand set, is one in which the diameterof the follower will be butslightly greater than the inner diameter of the outer four-part mold L LL L, so that when said four parts are closed together they will comein'eontact with the outer ends of the sliding sections.,E3,- which isthe circumference of the follower,- just before they come into contactat their edges with each other, whereby certainty of closing up the moldcavity at the bottom is obtained. This maximum diameter of the followerunder the control of the springs E4 is also such as will permit thefollower to enter freely the lower end of the jacket hereinafterdescribed, in which the compression takes place. To facilitate completedrainage or exhaustion by suction of the water fromthe pulp when it ispoured into the mold, the disk F.2 is provided with a number of holese30, drilled in from its circumferential edge, and meeting shortvertical holes eg1 drilled from the upper surface. For the same purpose,other holes 632 are drilled through the disk. where it is in contactwith the sliding section. The upper end of the stem D is hollow .for ashort distance and connects with a lateral opening d, at whichconnection is made with a suction and drainage pipe m, through which thewater is exhausted, said pipe running to a pump,-not shown-for thatpurpose. This pipe is flexible for a distance to accommodate thevertical movement of the table or follower in compressing the pail.

N is a spring metal jacket already mentioned. Its taper corresponds tothe inner surface of the frame F and to the outer surface of the vesselto be molded. It is rifted down one slant side and tends to spring opena short distance as shown in Fig. 5. At the upper end, it has two lugsN' N on the opposite sides, which extend up through the top frame or capB, and above the latter are connected to the two ends of a fork or yokeP, which is fulcrumed upon the upper side of the cap B upon a bracketB3, and extending radially out beyond the cap B, carries at the outerend a weight p sufficient, in view of the leverage obtained by theposition of the fulcrum B3, to over-balance the weight of the jacket N,and, in addition, to pull it up with sufficient force within thetapering frame F, to condense the jacket or coil it until its edges atthe rift n meet, and it is thereby completely closed up and constitutesa lining for the frame F.

The mode of use of this machine and its operation will be followsr-Theram being withdrawn so that the table or follower E is at the lowestposition, as shown in Fig. l, the perforated form K, being placed inposition upon the lower follower, as shown iu Fig. l, the four quartersL L L L of the outer mold will be closed and will appear as seen in Fig.l. Pulp will now be introduced at the upper open end of the mold cavityin any convenient manner. The pump with which the drainage pipe Misconnected being in operation and tending to draw air from within theform K, will produce the suction which will vdraw the Water through theperforations as soon as the form is covered with the liquid pulp. Thesupply of pulp will be maintained vso as to keep the mold cavityfull,flowing, or

being poured in as fast as the water is exhausted therefrom by thesuction. The suction taking effect through the perforated form willcause the fibrous pulp to cling first around that form, on all sides andat the top, andbut for the continuous supply of liquid pulp would leavean annular cavity around 'the pulp next to the outer mold wall, but thecontinuity of the supply preventing this, the

fresh liquid pulp will pass down in what would otherwise be such-anannular cavity to the bottom, and the result will be that the bottomportion of the mold cavity will first become fully occupied with fibrouspulp from which thewater has been so far extracted by suction that-itpractically seals the drainage apertures, causing the suction to takeeect through the Vapertures higher up. Thus gradually the mold will lillup from the bottorn with compacted ber, and as it accumulates, its ownweight and that of the still liqsupply of pulp outside of the lm whichwill thus be sucked onto the inner form, even to the very last incrementupon the exterior before the mass becomes so thick and compact thatsuction no longer operates through it, Willbe in thin liquid carryingthe fibers evenly and uniformly to all parts of the surface, andproducing, therefore, a body of very uniform density and texture, andhaving naturally,

and without regard to the compression after ward to be exerted upon it,a surface almost as smooth as would be produced by a liquid filmsubsequently hardened upon the surface. In this respect the texture audsurface will (lider to an important degree from that which would beproduced by aggregating pulp in a mere plastic condition, in which itmight be handled and manipulated into shape. In this manner, gradually,the mold will ill up from the bottom, both inner and outer surfaces ofthe pail being formed accurately upon the surfaces of the mold, and lastof all, the top portion, which constitutes the bottom of the pail, willbe similarly compacted by the suction, and the pulp in thin liquid beingsupplied as long as there is any space left in the mold, the uppersurface will be as accurate as that of a liquid which has solidified;and the suction may be continued until the required degree of density isobtained in the bottom (of the pail), that degree having already beenobtained in the side portions gradually from the bottom (of the mold)upward. The operator will now swing outward the four quarters L L L L ofthe outer mold to the position shown in Fig. 4, and the hydraulicpressure being brought into operation to lift the table and molded formthereon, it will be carried up into the lower mouth of the jacket N inwhich the upper follower G, at the lower end of t-he stem G', stands atsuch position that when the lower follower has entered the jacket ashort distance, the molded form will come into contact with the lowerface of said upper follower, and beimprinted or shaped thereby to theextent of the formation of a cavity in the bottom,-or in what is to bethe botto1n,-of the pail, within what is to form the chine; such cavitybeing formed by the lower disk E2 of the upper follower, which is shapedsuitably for that purpose, this shape constituting the only essentialdierence between the upper follower and the lower. The mold cavity, itwill now appear, is fully closed up, and farther upward movement of the'follower and m/olded body thereon will force upward the upper followeragainst the resistance of the spring H and the weight of the spring H,until after the limit of compression of the spring H is reached, or theupper end of the cup or flanged collar g2, which guards the spring H',comes into contact with the cross-bar B. The resistance of the spring His designed to be comparatively little, so that the bottom (of the pail)will not be compressed unduly during this upward movement until thesides have been compressed by the long taper of the jacket nearly to therequisite density. When,- however, the stroke is `nearly completed andthe lateral portion of the pail is nearly compressed to the desireddegree, the limit of compression of the spring H being reached or apositive stop against its further compression being aorded in the mannerdescribed, the heavier spring H comes intox operation to resist thelongitudinal movement of the upper follower. strong enough to exert uponthe bottom of the pail in the last fraction of an inch of the stroke ofthe ram, as much pressure as is Lexerted upon the sides in the samefinishing portion of the stroke. lf, for example, proper densityrequires that the pressure should be one hundred and fifty pounds to thesquare inch at the sides, this spring must be sufficiently strong toexert that pressure directly at the bottom, so that the density of thekentire pail, both sides and bottom, shall be substantially the same asthe result of this method of compression. The limit of the stroke beingreached, and the compression being completed, the water pressure beingwithdrawn, the reaction of the springs H and H will immediately causethe upper follower to force the pail down as fast as the retiring ramwill permit. The very first movement downward will cause the compressedpail by its adhesion to the spring jacket N to carry that jacket withit, pulling it out from the tapered inner surface of the rigid frame F ashort distance; but just as soon as the spring jacket is free from therestraint of the rigid frame F, its elasticity will cause ittospringopen and relieve itself from the molded pail, and then,instantly, the weight p', through the medium of the lever P, will pullthejacket back into its place upon the inner surface of the rigid frameF, leaving the pail to descend with the lower form out of the jacketandto the position at which the mold was first filled. One of the quartersections L may now be swung entirely outside of the frame, as shown inFig. 3, opening the way for the lateral movement of the pail, which willbe taken olf the inner form K, and placed on a plain form, on which itmay remain while being dried or further treated, ac cording to methodsfamiliar in this art.

It will be understood that the formsK may be completely covered withwire gauze, as is customary in this art to cover mold surfaces Thisspring should be IOO IIO

through which water is to be drained. Such wire gauze is notillustrated, and it conld not be illustrated without great exaggeration,and would obscure other features and is a familiar expedient.

I claim- I. In combination with the table which constitutes the bottomof the mold cavity, the perforated hollow form K, adapted to rest uponit, and the suction pipe M leading in through the table andcommunicating with the lcavity of the perforated form; the table havingdrainage ducts leading fromits upper surface underneath the forxn to theedge or shoulder of the table at the lower edge of the form, whereby thesuction tends to drain the water from the pulp to the lowest point ofthe mold cavity: substantially as set forth.

2. In combination with the inner perforated wall of the mold, the outerwall consisting of a plurality of sectoral parts L, said sectoral partsbeing supported each upon an arm pivotcd at a distance from the centerof the inner form: substantially as set forth.

3. In combination with the table E, the perforated hollow form K,constituting the inner wall of the mold, the outer wall composed of aplurality of separable sections and lever arms by which the sections arerespectively carried; such lever arms being pivoted at a distance fromthe center of the inner form; lines from their pivots respectively,being substantially tangent to the outer mold wall of inner surface ofsuch sections: substantially as set forth.

4. In a machine for pressing vessels of fibrous pulp, a rigid frame Fhaving a tapering interior; an elastic tapering metal jacket adapted totit within the rigid frame and longitudinally rifted at one side, andtending elastically to spread at the rift, in combina tion with a formadapted to carry the molded vessel into such tapering jacket:substantially as set forth.

5. In combination with the table or lower follower and the inner formthereon, the tapering frame and the upper follower therein; means foradvancing the lower follower into the tapering frame, the upper followerbeing provided with a stem extending upward; a stop on the stem, and twoplungers above the stop, and a stop fixed with respect to the frameabove the springs, whereby the springs tend to resist the upwardmovement of the follower; one of said springs being much lighter thanthe other, whereby it is cornpressed to a pre-determined limit beforethe resistance of the heavier spring takes effect: substantially as setforth.

6. In combination with the lower follower or table, and the formthereon; a means for advancing them into the tapering frame, saidtapering frame and the elastically expanded jacket therein, and meansfor holding the jacket yieldingly up into the frame to the limit ofcompressibility of the jacket: substantially as set forth.

7. In combination with the table and the form thereon; the rigid frameinto which they are adapted to be advanced longitudinally; theelastically expanding tapering jacket N within the rigid frame, thecounter-weighted `lever P, and link connections therefrom to the jacket,whereby the weight tends to hold 'the jacket up yieldingly within theframe: substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of twowitnesses, at Chicago, Illinois, this 29th day of May, 1893.

EBER I-IUBBARD.

Wi tnesses:

Cnns. S. BURTON, JEAN ELLIOTT.

